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Understanding Costco EDI Requirements for Vendors

Complete 2024-2025 guide to Costco EDI compliance. Learn mandatory 850, 856, 810 requirements, GS1-128 labeling, SPS Commerce certification, and how to avoid chargebacks.

16 min readLast updated: October 2025

Costco's 2024 EDI Compliance Mandate

As of 2024, Costco now requires full EDI compliance across the board for all vendors. Partial setups—like sending invoices by EDI but handling ASNs manually—are no longer acceptable. Every shipment must be pre-announced with exact contents, and all documents (850 Purchase Orders, 856 ASNs, 810 Invoices) must go through EDI.

2024 Update: No Exceptions

Costco has standardized EDI requirements and partnered with SPS Commerce for onboarding and certification. All vendors must complete SPS certification before shipping.

Required Costco EDI Documents

Costco mandates these core EDI transactions for all vendors:

Mandatory Transactions:

  • EDI 850 - Purchase Order (from Costco) - REQUIRED
  • EDI 856 - Advance Ship Notice / ASN (to Costco) - REQUIRED
  • EDI 810 - Invoice (to Costco) - REQUIRED
  • EDI 997 - Functional Acknowledgment (both directions) - REQUIRED

Critical: 997 Acknowledgment Timing

Suppliers MUST send EDI 997 functional acknowledgments no more than 24 hours from when Costco purchase orders were placed in their mailbox. Late 997s result in compliance violations.

Reading Costco EDI 850 Purchase Orders

The EDI 850 Purchase Order from Costco contains all order details including item numbers, quantities, pricing, delivery locations, and expected delivery dates.

Key 850 Segments to Extract:

BEG*00*SA*CO2024001234*20251020~
  Element 3: PO Number (CO2024001234)
  Element 4: PO Date (October 20, 2025)

REF*DP*5678~
  Costco Warehouse Number (5678)

DTM*002*20251027~
  Delivery Date: October 27, 2025
  Qualifier 002 = Delivery requested

N1*ST*COSTCO WHOLESALE*92*5678~
  Ship-to: Costco Warehouse #5678
  Qualifier 92 = Assigned by buyer

PO1*1*500*EA*12.99*PE*VN*ITEM123~
  Line 1: 500 units at $12.99 each
  Vendor Item Number: ITEM123

PID*F****Product Description Here~
  Item description

Quick Conversion Tip

Use PlainEDI's 850 converter to instantly convert Costco purchase orders to CSV/Excel. Extract PO numbers, warehouse locations, and line items in seconds.

Creating Costco EDI 856 Advance Ship Notices (ASN)

The 856 ASN is mandatory and must be sent before the shipment arrivesat the warehouse. Costco's system preloads receiving data based on your ASN, so accuracy is critical.

Critical 856 Requirements (2024 Update):

  • Version: ANSI X12 4010 version with detailed hierarchy levels
  • Timing: Send before truck arrival, not after
  • Carton counts: Must match physical shipment exactly
  • Item-level data: Required for all items in shipment
  • Lot codes: Required when applicable for traceability
  • GS1-128 barcodes: Must match ASN MAN segments exactly

856 Hierarchical Structure (HL Segments):

BSN*00*SHIP001*20251020*143000~
  Shipment ID: SHIP001
  Date/Time: October 20, 2025 at 2:30 PM

HL*1**S~
  Hierarchical Level 1: Shipment

TD5*B*2*FEDEX*M*123456789~
  Carrier: FedEx
  Tracking: 123456789

REF*BM*CO2024001234~
  Reference to original PO number

DTM*011*20251021~
  Estimated arrival: October 21, 2025

N1*SF*YOUR COMPANY NAME*92*VENDOR123~
  Ship-from location

HL*2*1*O~
  Hierarchical Level 2: Order (parent: shipment)

PRF*CO2024001234~
  PO Number reference

HL*3*2*P~
  Hierarchical Level 3: Pack/Pallet (parent: order)

MAN*GM*00123456789012345678~
  SSCC-18 barcode on pallet
  This must match GS1-128 label exactly

HL*4*3*I~
  Hierarchical Level 4: Item (parent: pack)

LIN**VN*ITEM123~
  Vendor item number: ITEM123

SN1**500*EA~
  Quantity: 500 units

HL*5*3*I~
  Another item on same pallet

LIN**VN*ITEM456~
  Vendor item number: ITEM456

SN1**200*EA~
  Quantity: 200 units

Chargeback Alert: Quantity Mismatches

A mismatch between your ASN and physical shipment—whether it's a wrong PO number, unreadable barcode, or incorrect item quantity—results in chargebacks or manual holds at receiving.

Costco GS1-128 Barcode Label Requirements

Costco requires GS1-128 barcode labels on all pallets and cartons. These labels must be scannable, follow Costco's layout specifications, and match your ASN exactly.

GS1-128 Label Specifications:

Required Elements on Each Label:

  • SSCC-18 (00): Serial Shipping Container Code - 18 digits
  • PO Number (400): Costco purchase order reference
  • Ship-To (410): Costco warehouse number
  • Carton/Pallet Count (37): Number of units in container
  • GTIN (01): Global Trade Item Number if applicable
  • Lot Number (10): If required for traceability

SSCC-18 Structure:

0 0123456789 123456789 7
• Extension Digit (1)
• Company Prefix (9 digits) - GS1 assigned
• Serial Number (8 digits) - Your unique container number
• Check Digit (1) - MOD 10 calculation

Label Printing Requirements

Use GS1-compliant label printing software. Test label scannability before shipping. Unreadable barcodes cause receiving delays and chargebacks.

Creating Costco EDI 810 Invoices

The EDI 810 Invoice must reference the original PO number and match the quantities from your 856 ASN. Invoice accuracy is critical for Costco's automated three-way matching (PO ↔ ASN ↔ Invoice).

Key 810 Segments:

BIG*20251021*INV2024001*20251020*CO2024001234~
  Invoice Date: October 21, 2025
  Invoice Number: INV2024001
  PO Date: October 20, 2025
  PO Number: CO2024001234

REF*DP*5678~
  Costco warehouse reference

N1*BY*COSTCO WHOLESALE*92*5678~
  Bill-to: Costco Warehouse #5678

IT1*1*500*EA*12.99**VN*ITEM123~
  Line 1: 500 units at $12.99
  Vendor Item Number: ITEM123

TDS*649500~
  Total amount: $6,495.00 (500 × $12.99)

CAD*****NET30~
  Payment terms: Net 30 days

SPS Commerce Partnership and Certification

Costco has standardized onboarding through SPS Commerce. Whether you use SPS's web portal or your own EDI system, you must complete SPS's certification process to be approved for shipping.

SPS Certification Steps:

  1. Initial Setup: Register with SPS Commerce and configure connection to Costco
  2. Test Transactions: Send test 850/856/810/997 documents through SPS network
  3. Validation: SPS validates your EDI format, barcodes, and data accuracy
  4. Certification: Receive approval to begin production shipments
  5. Ongoing Monitoring: SPS monitors compliance and reports violations to Costco

Using Your Own EDI System

You can use your own EDI software instead of SPS's web portal, but you'll still route through SPS's network and must pass their certification process.

Common Costco EDI Errors and How to Fix Them

1. Late or Missing 997 Functional Acknowledgments

Error: 997 sent more than 24 hours after receiving 850 PO

Solution: Configure your EDI system to automatically generate and send 997s within 1 hour of receiving any inbound document.

2. ASN Sent After Truck Arrival

Error: 856 ASN arrives after shipment reaches warehouse

Solution: Integrate your WMS with EDI to trigger ASN transmission the moment the shipment leaves your dock.

3. Quantity Mismatches Between ASN and Physical Shipment

Error: ASN shows 10 pallets, but only 9 arrive

Solution: Implement barcode scanning at your warehouse. Verify final carton/pallet counts before sending ASN.

4. Unreadable or Missing GS1-128 Barcodes

Error: Label won't scan at Costco receiving

Solution: Use high-quality thermal printers. Test label scannability before shipping. Ensure labels are placed on flat surfaces, not wrinkled areas.

5. Wrong PO Number in Invoice

Error: 810 Invoice references incorrect PO number

Solution: Implement automated PO number validation. Match invoices to ASNs before transmission to catch errors.

6. Missing Lot Codes for Traceable Items

Error: ASN missing lot number for food or consumable products

Solution: Configure your WMS to capture lot codes at receiving. Include lot numbers in ASN for all items requiring traceability.

Costco EDI Technical Specifications

Format and Versions:

  • Standard: ANSI X12
  • Version: 4010 (verify with Costco/SPS during onboarding)
  • 856 ASN: Detailed hierarchy levels required (Shipment → Order → Pack → Item)
  • Delimiters: Segment terminator (~), Element separator (*), Sub-element separator (>)

Connection Methods:

  • SPS Commerce Network: Primary method for Costco EDI
  • VAN (Value-Added Network): Connect your EDI software to SPS
  • AS2: Direct connection if approved by SPS
  • SPS Web Portal: Browser-based option for small volume suppliers

How PlainEDI Simplifies Costco EDI Processing

PlainEDI converts Costco EDI files to Excel/CSV instantly, helping you:

  • Read 850 POs faster: Extract PO numbers, warehouse locations, and line items in seconds
  • Validate 856 ASNs: Check SSCC-18 barcodes and quantities before sending
  • Process 810 Invoices: Match invoices to POs quickly for three-way matching
  • Debug 997 errors: See exactly which segments failed validation

Try PlainEDI for Costco EDI

Convert Costco EDI files to CSV/Excel in seconds. Upload your 850, 856, 810, or 997 files and get instant conversion—no EDI software required.

Related Resources

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need to use SPS Commerce to work with Costco?

Costco requires all vendors to route EDI through SPS Commerce's network. You can use SPS's web portal or your own EDI software, but you must pass SPS's certification process before shipping to Costco.

What happens if I send a 997 acknowledgment late?

Suppliers must send EDI 997 functional acknowledgments within 24 hours of receiving Costco's 850 POs. Late 997s result in compliance violations tracked by SPS Commerce, which can lead to account holds.

Does Costco require GS1-128 barcode labels?

Yes, Costco requires GS1-128 labels on all pallets and cartons. Labels must include SSCC-18 barcodes, PO numbers, and warehouse numbers. The labels must be scannable and match your ASN exactly.

What EDI version does Costco use?

Costco typically uses ANSI X12 version 4010, particularly for the 856 ASN with detailed hierarchy levels. Verify the specific version requirements with SPS Commerce during your certification process.

Can I handle ASNs manually if I send invoices via EDI?

No. As of 2024, Costco requires full EDI compliance for all documents. Partial setups (like sending invoices by EDI but handling ASNs manually) are no longer acceptable. All 850/856/810/997 transactions must use EDI.

Can PlainEDI help me create Costco EDI files?

PlainEDI currently converts EDI files to CSV/Excel (reading inbound files like 850 POs). For creating outbound EDI files (856 ASNs, 810 Invoices), you'll need EDI translation software that integrates with SPS Commerce's network.